Question 1 There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide where (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Sentence: This philosophical cut at one’s core beliefs, values, and way of life is difficult enough.
Paragraph: The experience of reading philosophy is often disquieting. When reading
philosophy, the values around which one has heretofore organised one’s life may
come to look provincial, flatly wrong, or even evil. ___(1)___. When beliefs previously
held as truths are rendered implausible, new beliefs, values, and ways of living may be
required. ___(2)___. What’s worse, philosophers admonish each other to remain
unsutured until such time as a defensible new answer is revealed or constructed.
Sometimes philosophical writing is even strictly critical in that it does not even
attempt to provide an alternative after tearing down a cultural or conceptual citadel.
___(3)___. The reader of philosophy must be prepared for the possibility of this
experience. While reading philosophy can help one clarify one’s values, and even
make one self-conscious for the first time of the fact that there are good reasons for
believing what one believes, it can also generate unremediated doubt that is difficult to
live with. ___(4)___.
1. Option 2
- Option 4
- Option 1
- Option 3
Explanation
Answer- 1. Option 2
Question 2-
There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and
decide where (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Sentence: The discovery helps to explain archeological similarities between the
Paleolithic peoples of China, Japan, and the Americas.
Paragraph: The researchers also uncovered an unexpected genetic link between
Native Americans and Japanese people. ___(1)___. During the deglaciation period,
another group branched out from northern coastal China and travelled to Japan.
___(2)___. “We were surprised to find that this ancestral source also contributed to the
Japanese gene pool, especially the indigenous Ainus,” says Li. ___(3)___. They shared
similarities in how they crafted stemmed projectile points for arrowheads and spears.
___(4)___. “This suggests that the Pleistocene connection among the Americas,
China, and Japan was not confined to culture but also to genetics,” says senior author
Qing-Peng Kong, an evolutionary geneticist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1. Option 1
2. Option 3
3. Option 4
4. Option 2
Explanation
Answer- 2-Option 3
Question 3-
Five jumbled up sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), related to a topic, are given
below. Four of them can be put together to form a coherent paragraph. Identify the
odd sentence and key in the number of that sentence as your answer.
1. In English, there is no systematic rule for the naming of numbers; after ten, we
have “eleven” and “twelve” and then the teens: “thirteen”, “fourteen”, “fifteen” and
so on.
2. Even more confusingly, some English words invert the numbers they refer to: the
word “fourteen” puts the four first, even though it appears last.
3. It can take children a while to learn all these words, and understand that
“fourteen” is different from “forty”.
4. For multiples of 10, English speakers switch to a different pattern: “twenty”,
“thirty”, “forty” and so on.
5. If you didn’t know the word for “eleven”, you would be unable to just guess it –
you might come up with something like “one-teen”.
Explanation
Answer- 3
It can take children a while to learn all these words, and understand that
“fourteen” is different from “forty”.
Question 4-
Five jumbled up sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), related to a topic, are given
below. Four of them can be put together to form a coherent paragraph. Identify the
odd sentence and key in the number of that sentence as your answer.
1. Having an appreciation for the workings of another person’s mind is considered a
prerequisite for natural language acquisition, strategic social interaction, reflexive
thought, and moral judgment.
2. It is a ‘theory of mind’ though some scholars prefer to call it ‘mentalizing’ or
‘mindreading’, which is important for the development of one’s cognitive abilities.
3. Though we must speculate about its evolutionary origin, we do have indications
that the capacity evolved sometime in the last few million years.
4. This capacity develops from early beginnings in the first year of life to the adult’s
fast and often effortless understanding of others’ thoughts, feelings, and intentions.
5. One of the most fascinating human capacities is the ability to perceive and
interpret other people’s behaviour in terms of their mental states.
Explanation
Answer- 2-
It is a ‘theory of mind’ though some scholars prefer to call it ‘mentalizing’ or
‘mindreading’, which is important for the development of one’s cognitive abilities
Question 5-
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) given below, when properly sequenced,
would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of
the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
1. What precisely are the “unusual elements” that make a particular case so
attractive to a certain kind of audience?
2 . It might be a particularly savage or unfathomable level of depravity, very often it
has something to do with the precise amount of mystery involved.
3. Unsolved, and perhaps unsolvable cases offer something that “ordinary” murder
doesn’t.
4. Why are some crimes destined for perpetual re-examination and others locked
into permanent obscurity?
Explanation
Answer- 1423
Question 6-
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) given below, when properly sequenced,
would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of
the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
1. Algorithms hosted on the internet are accessed by many, so biases in AI models
have resulted in much larger impact, adversely affecting far larger groups of
people.
2. Though “algorithmic bias” is the popular term, the foundation of such bias is not
in algorithms, but in the data; algorithms are not biased, data is, as algorithms
merely reflect persistent patterns that are present in the training data.
3. Despite their widespread impact, it is relatively easier to fix AI biases than
human-generated biases, as it is simpler to identify the former than to try to make
people unlearn behaviors learnt over generations.
4. The impact of biased decisions made by humans is localised and geographically
confined, but with the advent of AI, the impact of such decisions is spread over a
much wider scale.
Explanation
Answer- 4123
Question 7-
The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option
that best captures the essence of the passage.
Colonialism is not a modern phenomenon. World history is full of examples of one
society gradually expanding by incorporating adjacent territory and settling its people
on newly conquered territory. In the sixteenth century, colonialism changed decisively
because of technological developments in navigation that began to connect more
remote parts of the world. The modern European colonial project emerged when it
became possible to move large numbers of people across the ocean and to maintain
political control in spite of geographical dispersion. The term colonialism is used to
describe the process of European settlement, violent dispossession and political
domination over the rest of the world, including the Americas, Australia, and parts of
Africa and Asia.
1. Technological advancements in navigation in the 16th century, transformed
colonialism, enabling Europeans to establish settlements and exert political dominance over
distant regions.
2. As a result of developments in navigation technology, European colonialism, led to
the displacement of indigenous populations and global political changes in the 16th century.
3. Colonialism surged in the 16th century due to advancements in navigation, enabling
British settlements abroad and global dominance.
4. Colonialism, conceptualized in the 16th century, allowed colonizers to expand their
territories, establish settlements, and exercise political power
Explanation
Answer- 1-
Technological advancements in navigation in the 16th century, transformed
colonialism, enabling Europeans to establish settlements and exert political dominance over
distant regions.
Question 8-
The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option
that best captures the essence of the passage.
Manipulating information was a feature of history long before modern journalism
established rules of integrity. A record dates back to ancient Rome, when Antony met
Cleopatra and his political enemy Octavian launched a smear campaign against him
with “short, sharp slogans written upon coins.” The perpetrator became the first
Roman Emperor and “fake news had allowed Octavian to hack the republican system
once and for all”. But the 21st century has seen the weaponization of information on
an unprecedented scale. Powerful new technology makes the fabrication of content
simple, and social networks amplify falsehoods peddled by States, populist
politicians, and dishonest corporate entities. The platforms have become fertile
ground for computational propaganda, ‘trolling’ and ‘troll armies’.
1.
Disinformation, which is mediated by technology today, is not new and has existed since
ancient times.
2. Use of misinformation for attaining power, a practice that is as old as the Octavian
era, is currently fueled by technology.
3. Octavian used fake news to manipulate people and attain power and influence, just
as people do today.
4.
People need to become critical of what they read, since historically, weaponization of
information has led to corruption.
Explanation
Answer- 2 –
Use of misinformation for attaining power, a practice that is as old as the Octavian
era, is currently fueled by technology.
