There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide where (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Question:
Sentence: This philosophical cut at one’s core beliefs, values, and way of life is difficult enough.
Paragraph: The experience of reading philosophy is often disquieting. When reading philosophy, the values around which one has heretofore organised one’s life may come to look provincial, flatly wrong, or even evil. (1). When beliefs previously held as truths are rendered implausible, new beliefs, values, and ways of living may be required. (2). What’s worse, philosophers admonish each other to remain unsutured until such time as a defensible new answer is revealed or constructed. Sometimes philosophical writing is even strictly critical in that it does not even attempt to provide an alternative after tearing down a cultural or conceptual citadel. (3). The reader of philosophy must be prepared for the possibility of this experience. While reading philosophy can help one clarify one’s values, and even make one self-conscious for the first time of the fact that there are good reasons for believing what one believes, it can also generate unremediated doubt that is difficult to live with. (4).
1) Option 1
2) Option 2
3) Option 3
4) Option 4
Answer
Option 2 (Correct): Placing the sentence at Option 2 maintains the logical flow of the paragraph. It follows the introduction of the disquieting nature of reading philosophy and leads into the explanation of the challenges faced when beliefs are challenged and new beliefs may be required.
Option 1: Placing the sentence at Option (1) would disrupt the flow because it introduces the idea of a philosophical cut before explaining the disquieting nature of reading philosophy.
Option 3: Option (3) is too late in the paragraph to introduce the sentence. The discussion about the impact on beliefs and the need for new values has already been presented.
Option 4: Option (4) is after the paragraph has concluded, so it doesn’t logically fit as the sentence to follow.
Question:
Sentence: The discovery helps to explain archeological similarities between the Paleolithic peoples of China, Japan, and the Americas.
Paragraph: The researchers also uncovered an unexpected genetic link between Native Americans and Japanese people. (1). During the deglaciation period, another group branched out from northern coastal China and travelled to Japan. (2). “We were surprised to find that this ancestral source also contributed to the Japanese gene pool, especially the indigenous Ainus,” says Li. (3). They shared similarities in how they crafted stemmed projectile points for arrowheads and spears. (4). “This suggests that the Pleistocene connection among the Americas, China, and Japan was not confined to culture but also to genetics,” says senior author Qing-Peng Kong, an evolutionary geneticist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1) Option 1
2) Option 2
3) Option 3
4) Option 4
Answer
Option 1: Placing the sentence at Option (1) would disrupt the chronological flow of the paragraph. It’s important to first establish the genetic link and then explain its implications in terms of archaeological similarities.
Option 2: Similar to Option (1), placing the sentence at Option (2) would disrupt the flow. The paragraph needs to build up to the broader explanation of archaeological similarities.
Option 3 (Correct): This is the correct option. After discussing the genetic link between Native Americans and Japanese people, it makes sense to introduce the sentence about the discovery explaining archaeological similarities. This provides context and supports the idea that the genetic link is reflected in cultural and archaeological aspects.
Option 4: Placing the sentence at Option 4 would be too late in the paragraph. By this point, the connection between genetics and archaeological similarities has already been discussed, and the sentence would feel out of place.
Question:
Sentence: And probably much earlier, moving the documentation for kissing back 1,000 years compared to what was acknowledged in the scientific community.
Paragraph: Research has hypothesised that the earliest evidence of human lip kissing originated in a very specific geographical location in South Asia 3,500 years ago.(1). From there it may have spread to other regions, simultaneously accelerating the spread of the herpes simplex virus 1. According to Dr Troels Pank Arbøll and Dr Sophie Lund Rasmussen, who in a new article in the journal Science draw on a range of written sources from the earliest Mesopotamian societies, kissing was already a well-established practice 4,500 years ago in the Middle East.(2). In ancient Mesopotamia, people wrote in cuneiform script on clay tablets.(3). Many thousands of these clay tablets have survived to this day, and they contain clear examples that kissing was considered a part of romantic intimacy in ancient times.(4). “Kissing could also have been part of friendships and family members’ relations,” says Dr Troels Pank Arbøll, an expert on the history of medicine in Mesopotamia.
1) Option 1
2) Option 2
3) Option 3
4) Option 4
Answer
Option 2: The given sentence fits best before Blank 2 because it provides a transitional context between the origin of kissing in South Asia and its documented existence in Mesopotamia. It bridges the gap by suggesting that kissing was practiced even earlier than previously thought ( in Mesopotamia, 4,500 years ago), which is crucial information before introducing the researchers’ study on Mesopotamian societies.
Incorrect Answers:
Option 1: Placing the sentence here would disrupt the flow by introducing the idea of an earlier origin before establishing the basic premise of kissing’s origin in South Asia.
Option 3: Here, the sentence would be out of context as it interrupts the introduction of the researchers and their work.
Option 4: This placement would be too late, as it should logically precede the specifics about Mesopotamian documentation.
Question:
Sentence: Dualism was long held as the defining feature of developing countries in contrast to developed countries, where frontier technologies and high productivity were assumed to prevail.
Paragraph: (1). At the core of development economics lies the idea of ‘productive dualism’: that poor countries’ economies are split between a narrow ‘modern’ sector that uses advanced technologies and a larger ‘traditional’ sector characterized by very low productivity.(2). While this distinction between developing and advanced economies may have made some sense in the 1950s and 1960s, it no longer appears to be very relevant. A combination of forces have produced a widening gap between the winners and those left behind.(3). Convergence between poor and rich parts of the economy was arrested and regional disparities widened.(4). As a result, policymakers in advanced economies are now grappling with the same questions that have long preoccupied developing economies: mainly how to close the gap with the more advanced parts of the economy.
1) Option 1
2) Option 2
3) Option 3
4) Option 4
Answer
Option 2: This option talks about the consequences of the widening gap, stating that convergence was arrested, and regional disparities widened. This fits well with the context and provides a logical flow from the previous sentence.
Incorrect Answers:
Option 1: The sentence doesn’t connect well with the previous sentence. It talks about convergence and regional disparities but doesn’t smoothly follow the idea of the widening gap.
Option 3: This sentence seems to introduce a new idea about policymakers in advanced economies grappling with questions, and it doesn’t directly connect with the previous sentence.
Option 4: This option talks about policymakers in advanced economies but doesn’t provide a smooth transition from the previous sentence about the widening gap.
Question:
Sentence: Beyond undermining the monopoly of the State on the use of force, armed conflict also creates an environment that can enable organized crime to prosper.
Paragraph: (1). Linkages between illicit arms, organized crime, and armed conflict can reinforce one another while also escalating and prolonging violence and eroding governance.(2). Financial gains from crime can lengthen or intensify armed conflicts by creating revenue streams for non-State armed groups (NSAGs).(3). In this context, when hostilities cease and parties to a conflict move towards a peaceful resolution, the widespread availability of surplus arms and ammunition can contribute to a situation of ‘criminalized peace’ that obstructs sustainable peacebuilding efforts.(4).
1) Option 1
2) Option 2
3) Option 3
4) Option 4
Answer
Option 1: Placing the sentence here would start the paragraph by immediately discussing the impact of armed conflict on enabling organized crime, without first establishing the context of the linkages between illicit arms, organized crime, and armed conflict. It’s important to set this context before delving into specific impacts like the growth of organized crime.
Option 2: Inserting the sentence here disrupts the flow. The paragraph first needs to establish the linkages and then illustrate how they reinforce each other, which is what the given sentence does. Placing it here would prematurely introduce the consequences before establishing the foundational linkages.
Correct Option 3: Here, the sentence fits well. It expands upon the initial statement of linkages between arms, crime, and conflict by explaining a specific consequence of armed conflict – the creation of an environment conducive to organized crime. This placement maintains the logical flow: from stating a problem (linkages) to detailing its implications (enabling organized crime).
Option 4: Placing the sentence at the end would disrupt the paragraph’s conclusion about the transition from armed conflict to a ‘criminalized peace.’ It’s important for the concluding part to focus on the post-conflict challenges rather than reintroducing the concept of organized crime’s prosperity.
Question:
Sentence: For theoretical purposes, arguments may be considered as freestanding entities, abstracted from their contexts of use in actual human activities.
Paragraph: (1). An argument can be defined as a complex symbolic structure where some parts, known as the premises, offer support to another part, the conclusion. Alternatively, an argument can be viewed as a complex speech act consisting of one or more acts of premising (which assert propositions in favor of the conclusion), an act of concluding, and a stated or implicit marker (“hence”, “therefore”) that indicates that the conclusion follows from the premises.(2). The relation of support between premises and conclusion can be cashed out in different ways: the premises may guarantee the truth of the conclusion, or make its truth more probable; the premises may imply the conclusion; the premises may make the conclusion more acceptable (or assertible).(3). But depending on one’s explanatory goals, there is also much to be gained from considering arguments as they in fact occur in human communicative practices.(4).
1) Option 1
2) Option 2
3) Option 3
4) Option 4
Answer
Option 1: Starting the paragraph with this sentence would prematurely introduce the concept of arguments as theoretical constructs before defining what an argument is. The foundation of what constitutes an argument should be established first.
Option 2: This placement disrupts the explanation of how an argument can be viewed and its components. It’s essential to fully articulate the structure of an argument before contrasting its theoretical and practical aspects.
Option 3: Here, the sentence fits well. It provides a contrast to the detailed explanation of an argument’s structure by introducing the idea of considering arguments in a theoretical context, separate from their practical use.
Option 4: Placing the sentence at the end would not fit well because the paragraph is concluding with the notion of gaining insights from practical communication. The sentence about theoretical abstraction would be better placed before this final point.
Cat 2023 exam new type questions pdf,
Cat 2023 exam new type questions and answers,
cat 2023 questions with answers,
cat 2024 exam pattern,
cat 2024 exam question paper pdf,
cat 2024 exam syllabus,
how many questions in cat exam,
cat 2023 question paper with solution pdf,
