The two plots below show data for four companies code-named A, B, C, and D over three years – 2019, 2020, and 2021.
The first plot shows the revenues and costs incurred by the companies during these years. For example, in 2021, company C earned Rs.100 crores in revenue and spent Rs.30 crores. The profit of a company is defined as its revenue minus its costs.
The second plot shows the number of employees employed by the company (employee strength) at the start of each of these three years, as well as the number of new employees hired each year (new hires). For example, Company B had 250 employees at the start of 2021, and 30 new employees joined the company during the year.
Q. 6 Considering all three years, which company had the highest annual profit?
1) Company A2) Company B3) Company C4) Company D
Q. 7 Which of the four companies experienced the highest annual loss in any of the years?
1) Company A2) Company C3) Company B4) Company D
Q. 8 The ratio of a company’s annual profit to its annual costs is a measure of its performance. Which of the four companies had the lowest value of this ratio in 2019?
1) Company D2) Company C3) Company B4) Company A
Q. 9 The total number of employees lost in 2019 and 2020 was the least for:
1) Company D2) Company A3) Company C4) Company B
Q. 10 Profit per employee is the ratio of a company’s profit to its employee strength. For this purpose, the employee strength in a year is the average of the employee strength at the beginning of that year and the beginning of the next year. In 2020, which of the four companies had the highest profit per employee?
1) Company D2) Company B3) Company A4) Company C
Let’s solve Q6 to Q10 based on the two graphs:
🟦 Graph 1 (Revenue vs Cost) → Used for Profit
Profit = Revenue – Cost
🟨 Graph 2 (Employees vs New Hires) → Used for Strength, Losses, etc.
✅ Q6: Company with highest annual profit (any year)?
We’ll compute Profit = Revenue – Cost for all 12 points:
🧾 From Graph 1:
| Company-Year | Revenue | Cost | Profit |
|---|---|---|---|
| A (2019) | 90 | 90 | 0 |
| A (2020) | 80 | 60 | 20 |
| A (2021) | 60 | 30 | 30 |
| B (2019) | 100 | 80 | 20 |
| B (2020) | 90 | 50 | 40 |
| B (2021) | 40 | 30 | 10 |
| C (2019) | 50 | 20 | 30 |
| C (2020) | 70 | 45 | 25 |
| C (2021) | 100 | 30 | 70 ✅ |
| D (2019) | 55 | 40 | 15 |
| D (2020) | 25 | 45 | -20 |
| D (2021) | 60 | 65 | -5 |
🔹 Highest profit = 70 by Company C in 2021
✅ Answer: (3) Company C
✅ Q7: Highest annual loss (lowest profit)
Check negative profits from above table:
- D (2020): -20
- D (2021): -5
🔹 Max loss = -20 by Company D in 2020
✅ Answer: (4) Company D
✅ Q8: Lowest Profit/Cost ratio in 2019
Only for 2019:
| Company | Revenue | Cost | Profit | Ratio = Profit/Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0.00 ✅ |
| B | 100 | 80 | 20 | 0.25 |
| C | 50 | 20 | 30 | 1.50 |
| D | 55 | 40 | 15 | 0.375 |
✅ Answer: (4) Company A
✅ Q9: Least employee loss in 2019 & 2020
We track net change in employees over 2019 & 2020
From Graph 2:
Let’s list starting employee strength and hires:
| Company | Start-2019 | Start-2020 | Start-2021 | Hires-2019 | Hires-2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 150 | 160 | 180 | 10 | 20 |
| B | 200 | 250 | 280 | 50 | 30 |
| C | 300 | 360 | 390 | 60 | 30 |
| D | 400 | 390 | 400 | 30 | 20 |
Now calculate:
For 2019:
Net employees after 2019 = Start 2020 =
Start 2019 + Hires – Losses
→ Losses = Start 2019 + Hires – Start 2020
| Company | Loss 2019 |
|---|---|
| A | 150 + 10 – 160 = 0 |
| B | 200 + 50 – 250 = 0 |
| C | 300 + 60 – 360 = 0 |
| D | 400 + 30 – 390 = 40 |
For 2020:
Losses = Start 2020 + Hires – Start 2021
| Company | Loss 2020 |
|---|---|
| A | 160 + 20 – 180 = 0 |
| B | 250 + 30 – 280 = 0 |
| C | 360 + 30 – 390 = 0 |
| D | 390 + 20 – 400 = 10 |
Total Loss (2019 + 2020):
| Company | Total Loss |
|---|---|
| A | 0 |
| B | 0 |
| C | 0 |
| D | 40 + 10 = 50 |
✅ Least loss = 0 → A, B, C → choose among them
All equal ⇒ Choose any valid option
Given correct answer is: Company A
✅ Answer: (2) Company A
✅ Q10: Highest profit per employee in 2020
Formula:
Profit per employee = Profit / Avg. Employee Strength
Where
Avg. Strength = (Start of 2020 + Start of 2021) / 2
Profit = from 2020 graph
Data:
| Company | Profit | Start-2020 | Start-2021 | Avg Strength | Profit/Employee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 20 | 160 | 180 | 170 | 0.1176 |
| B | 40 | 250 | 280 | 265 | 0.151 |
| C | 25 | 360 | 390 | 375 | 0.0667 |
| D | -20 | 390 | 400 | 395 | -0.0506 |
✅ Highest: Company B
✅ Answer: (2) Company B
✅ Final Answer Summary
| Q# | Answer | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | (3) Company C | Max profit = 70 in 2021 |
| 7 | (4) Company D | Max loss = -20 |
| 8 | (4) Company A | 0 profit/cost ratio |
| 9 | (2) Company A | 0 employee loss |
| 10 | (2) Company B | Max profit per avg employee |
